The illegal excavation and smuggling of sand from unauthorized places is a significant global issue that generates billions of dollars annually. According to Scientific American, only product counterfeiting and drug trafficking surpass the sand trade in terms of criminal revenue. While some experts believe this estimate to be slightly exaggerated, the general magnitude of the problem remains significant.
Organized criminal groups, often referred to as the “sand mafia,” are involved in the illegal digging and transportation of sand. These groups have been known to resort to violence, including murder, to protect their operations. Countries like India, Southeast Asia, China, North Korea, and Morocco are listed as hotspots for illegal sand mining and smuggling.
Despite varying estimates, it is clear that the illegal sand trade is a significant global issue. The industry involves billions of tons of sand dug out of sea, riverbanks, and shorelines annually. This sand is then sold at wholesale and retail prices, generating substantial profits for those involved. Retail sales of sand, even in small quantities, contribute significantly to the industry’s earnings.
Efforts to combat illegal sand excavation and smuggling are ongoing worldwide. However, the challenge remains significant due to the lucrative nature of this criminal business.
