Far-right forces in Europe have seen a surge in recent years, despite setbacks in some countries such as Poland. The ultra-constellation of far-right parties is expected to perform better in the upcoming European elections in June 2024 than they did in 2019. These parties have a chance of winning in countries like Italy, France, the Netherlands, Hungary, or Austria and finishing second in Germany, among others. Projections suggest that far-right groups with a large Eurosceptic representation could secure over 180 seats in the European Parliament out of 720.
If this scenario plays out, the extreme right would have a significant influence on crucial issues like the green transition, rule of law norms, enlargement towards the east, and immigration policies. The Parliament could also become more polarized on foreign policy challenges such as supporting Ukraine against Russian invasion and responding to conflicts in the Middle East. However, it’s important to note that far-right parties are diverse and disunited with considerable differences on various issues despite some common elements like nationalism and immigration.
The European Parliament currently sees far-right parties aligned in two groups: European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and Identity and Democracy (ID), with Fidesz led by Viktor Orbán not affiliated with any group. Differences between these groups prevent a unified ultra-right group in the Parliament. These parties also face internal divides and tensions as seen in disagreements over issues like nationality laws and abortion rights. The far-right parties adapt to societal problems and values in their respective countries leading to flexible positions on various policy matters.
Differences in economic ideologies, social protection components, and adherence to democratic values distinguish far-right parties in Europe. Some emphasize low taxes and ultra-liberalism while others prioritize maintaining a robust welfare state promote “welfare state chauvinism.” The actions of certain governments led by far-right parties have raised concerns about democratic governance while others have not faced similar criticisms. Overall, the far-right landscape is complex with parties navigating different political, social, and economic landscapes to gain support and influence.
