The Dangers of Screen Time for Young Children: Balancing Development and Engagement

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the effects of screen time on young children. The World Health Organization recommends that children under the age of two should not be exposed to any type of screen at all. However, research conducted by the Child Protection Polyclinic of the City of Zagreb in 2017 showed that eight out of ten small children were in contact with screens. This increase in screen exposure may be contributing to delays in enrolling children in primary school in Croatia, with about 4,000 children receiving a postponement of enrollment this year due to psychophysical immaturity.

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Brain development is most intense until the age of three, with synapses forming connections between neurons responsible for various functions. Exposure to various sensorimotor stimuli strengthens synapses and builds the brain. However, excessive exposure to screens can lead to thinning connections and negatively impact a child’s cognitive development. Educators recommend limiting screen time for children of different age groups to ensure balanced development of practical skills and outdoor activities.

It’s not just the quantity of screen time that matters, but also the quality of content. Careful selection of shows and cartoons can impact a child’s attention span and language development positively. Children need opportunities for two-way communication and active engagement to develop speech, social skills, and emotional regulation. Parents and educators should set limits, establish rules about screen use, and provide alternative activities to promote creativity and practical skills.

Excessive screen time can reduce a child’s self-control, attention span, and contribute to hyperactivity and aggressive behavior. Establishing boundaries, providing balanced activities, and modeling healthy screen habits are essential for promoting healthy brain development and social-emotional skills. Furthermore, ensuring that children have opportunities for creative play, physical activity