Iran’s Nuclear Program: A Double-Edged Sword Amidst International Concerns and Ambitions for Peaceful Purposes

Iran has made significant strides in its nuclear program, with the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) revealing 150 scientific and technological advancements over the past year. AEOI President Mohammad Eslami showcased 15 breakthroughs in the field of radiopharmaceuticals, positioning Iran as one of the top three leaders globally in this area. Notable among these achievements is Iran’s innovative use of alpha particles for cancer treatment, demonstrating the country’s advancements in medical applications of nuclear technology.

While Iran’s accomplishments have raised concerns about its intentions and compliance with nonproliferation agreements, the AEOI has outlined plans to generate 20,000 megawatts of nuclear electricity in the coming years. This includes building new power plants in the southern region of Iran. Despite international concerns regarding the military implications of Tehran’s nuclear activities, Iran maintains that its nuclear program is primarily focused on peaceful purposes such as power generation and medical research.

However, ongoing inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency have uncovered undisclosed nuclear facilities and materials in Iran, raising doubts about the country’s intentions and compliance with nonproliferation agreements. Furthermore, Iran’s advancements in long-range ballistic missile technology capable of potentially delivering nuclear warheads have heightened apprehensions that its nuclear ambitions may go beyond peaceful objectives. The 2015 nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has faced uncertainty since the United States withdrew in 2018. Current discussions in Vienna aimed at resurrecting the agreement have yet to yield significant progress.